UNCTAD B2C E-commerce Index 2019

UN CTA UNITED NATIONS UNCTAD B2C -COMMERCE INDEX 2019 UNCTAD Technical Notes ICT Development ˚14 1 UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index 2019 Executive summary 2019 edition UNCTAD Business--Consumer (B2C) -commerce Index finds Netherlands boasts highest readiness engage benefit -commerce. European economies dominate top-10 list, features Singapore Australia. spectrum, developed countries (LDCs) 18 20 bottom positions index. wide gaps countries highest lowest level readiness addressed order build inclusive digital economy . index UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index measures economy’ preparedness support online shopping. index consists indicators highly related online shopping wide country coverage (Box 1).1 extent people shop online country correlated index, adjusted squared 0.8 (Figure 1). 2019 index includes additional country, Tajikistan, expanding coverage 152 economies. data limitations, year' index considered provisional. Internet user data 2018 limited time index calculation latest data accounts 2017. , previous edition index influenced secure servers postal reliability. Inclusion additional economies dependent data sources. Account ownership data generally smaller economies postal reliability index include economies. issues review order widen coverage timeliness index. Box 1. UNCTAD B2C -commerce index methodology index calculated average indicators (.., indicator carries weight) data 2018 latest . • Account ownership financial institution mobile-money-service provider (% population ages 15+) (Source: World Bank)2 • Individuals Internet (% population) (Source: International Telecommunication Union, ITU)3 • Postal Reliability Index (Source: Universal Postal Union, UPU)4 • Secure Internet servers ( 1 million people) (Source: Netcraft retrieved World Bank)5 Account ownership data sourced World Bank Findex survey, carried years. latest survey conducted 2017. Secure Internet servers 1 million people normalized formula: Log (secure server penetration)-Log (maximum ) / Log (maximum ) - Log (minimum ) *100. 1 information methodology : UNCTAD. 2017. “UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index 2017.” UNCTAD Technical Notes ICT Development, . 9. 2 https://globalfindex.worldbank.org/#data_sec_focus 3 https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx 4 http://www.upu.int/en/-upu/strategy/2ipd.html 5 https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators# 2 UPU postal reliability data 2015-18, depending country. data country 2018, previous year’ data UNCTAD index. time report, 2018 Internet data ITU countries UNCTAD index. cases, official statistics update data, data previous year . Country ranks 2018 Index (based 2017 data) shown previous version index. , revisions 2017 data index published, increase score index previous based revised index 2018 (.. 2017 data). Source: UNCTAD. Figure 1. Relationship UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index values online shopping Source: UNCTAD. growing share world’ population shopping online -commerce consumers benefit greater choices prices. 2017, estimated 1.3 billion people, quarter world’ population aged 15 years older, shopped online (figure 2). represented 12 cent increase 2016. share Internet users shopping online countries levels income, pointing importance enhancing -commerce readiness regard Internet connectivity areas. shown table 6, dozen countries (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden United Kingdom) 80 cent Internet users purchases online. contrast, dozen middle income countries 10 cent Internet users purchases online. ² = 0.803 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 0 20 40 60 80 100 Sh ed lin (% 1 5+ ), 2 01 7 UNCTAD B2C -commerce index 2018 3 Figure 2. Global online shoppers, 2015–2017 (Million) Source: UNCTAD, Digital Economy Report 2019, . 16. Figure 3. Internet online purchases, country groups level income, 2017 ( cent population aged 15 years older) Source: UNCTAD, Digital Economy Report 2019, . 16. 4 Netherlands remains top B2C -Commerce Index Similar 2018 index, top ten countries Europe (Table 1). Index values extremely close, range points tenth rank. Netherlands remains highest ranked country index, Switzerland Singapore. top ten countries dropping (Iceland, Zealand Sweden) replaced Finland, Germany Australia. countries left top ten experienced reductions secure servers postal reliability. Iceland, , notable drop postal reliability proportion individuals Internet fell Sweden. Table 1. Top 10 economies UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index 2019 2019 Rank Economy Share individuals Internet (2018 latest) Share individuals account (15+, 2017) Secure Internet servers (normalized, 2018) UPU postal reliability score (2018 latest) 2019 Index Index change (2017- 18 data) 2018 Index rank 1 Netherlands 95 100 98 93 96.4 0.3 1 2 Switzerland 94 98 95 95 95.5 0.0 3 3 Singapore 88 98 97 97 95.1 -0.2 2 4 Finland 94 100 90 94 94.4 0.7 13 5 United Kingdom 95 96 88 98 94.4 -0.8 4 6 Denmark 98 100 100 79 94.2 2.1 10 7 Norway 97 100 86 91 93.4 -1.1 5 8 Ireland 82 95 95 100 93.3 -0.1 7 9 Germany 92 99 94 86 92.9 0.9 12 10 Australia 87 100 89 91 91.8 -0.7 11 extensive commentary year top ten—including detailed discussion Netherlands' B2C ecosystem— analysis members list.6 Germany Australia ranked 12th 11th missing ranking top 10 2018 index. dramatic improvement part inclusion year reduction index values countries dropped . Finland, addition rose higher rank (4th) improved score UPU’ postal reliability index. Asian nations lead developing economies top ten developing economies Asia, upper middle- income high-income economies (Table 2). global top ten, range index values wider, 23-point difference (Singapore) tenth (Turkey). Compared 2018 index, change composition group: Chile dropped replaced Qatar ranked 7th top ten developing economies. positions remain . main factor Qatar’ improved rank high level Internet . , practically entire country online (99.7%) data Ministry Transport Communications. Gulf state fares poorly indicators compared top ten ranked developing nations. 6 access B2C -Commerce Index 2018, https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tn_unctad_ict4d12_en.pdf. 5 , government concerted effort promote -commerce country including roadmap, guideline dedicated portal.7 Table 2: Top 10 developing economies UNCTAD B2C -commerce index, 2019 2019 Rank Economy Share individuals Internet (2018 latest) Share individuals account (15+, 2017) Secure Internet servers (normalized, 2018) UPU postal reliability score (2018 latest) 2019 Index ) Index change (2017- 18 data) 2018 Index rank 3 Singapore 88 98 97 97 95.1 -0.2 2 15 China, Hong Kong SAR 89 95 85 92 90.5 -1.1 16 19 Korea, Republic 96 95 67 99 89.4 -2.4 22 28 United Arab Emirates 98 88 65 84 83.8 -0.1 33 34 Malaysia 81 85 75 86 81.9 -0.8 34 42 Iran (Islamic Republic ) 70 94 56 88 76.9 1.1 49 47 Qatar 100 66 54 77 74.2 6.4 59 48 Thailand 57 82 61 94 73.5 -3.0 43 49 Saudi Arabia 93 72 47 81 73.3 -0.2 52 53 Turkey 71 69 73 74 71.8 -1.4 47 developed countries trailing -commerce readiness Countries index furthest terms readiness engage benefit -commerce. 20 economies lowest 2019 index, 18 LDCs, Congo Syrian Arab Republic -LDCs group. background UNCTAD undertaking Rapid eTrade Readiness Assessments LDCs couple years.8 assessments seek increase capacity countries participate effectively -commerce assessing critical readiness gaps addressing collaborative public private partnerships. LDCs, assessments overcome significant market failure: fact LDCs lacked information awareness formulate effectively development assistance area -commerce, donors result witnessed limited demand assistance. Regional rankings Table 3 shows highest ranked economies region Table 4 shows average index values region. 7 http://www.ecommerceqatar.qa 8 list published assessments date, https://unctad.org/en/Pages/Publications/-Trade-Readiness- Assessment.aspx . https://unctad.org/en/Pages/Publications/-Trade-Readiness-Assessment.aspx https://unctad.org/en/Pages/Publications/-Trade-Readiness-Assessment.aspx 6 Table 3. Top 10 developing transition economies UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index 2019, region East, South & Southeast Asia West Asia & North Africa -Saharan Africa Latin America Caribbean Transition economies Singapore United Arab Emirates Mauritius Chile Belarus China, Hong Kong SAR Iran (Islamic Republic ) South Africa Costa Rica Russian Federation Korea, Republic Qatar Nigeria Colombia Serbia Malaysia Saudi Arabia Kenya Dominican Republic Georgia Thailand Turkey Namibia Jamaica North Macedonia China Kuwait United Republic Tanzania Trinidad Tobago Ukraine Viet Nam Oman Ghana Brazil Republic Moldova Mongolia Bahrain Senegal Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. ) Kazakhstan India Lebanon Botswana Uruguay Azerbaijan Indonesia Tunisia Uganda Paraguay Bosnia Herzegovina Table 4 shows average values geographic region. wide regional differences. case Internet access, quarter population Africa Internet compared quarters Western Asia. relative strengths weaknesses generally differ. East, South Southeast Asia boost Internet penetration, stands population world average. Latin America Caribbean, main opportunities improvement postal reliability. facilitate inclusive -commerce, African countries benefit catching policy areas. Compared 2018 index, regional values improved Latin America Caribbean, Western Asia developed economies, dropped slightly Africa transition economies. Table 4. Regional values UNCTAD B2C -commerce index, 2019 Share individuals Internet (2018 latest) Share individuals account (15+, 2018 latest) Secure Internet servers (normalized) (2018) UPU postal reliability score (2018 latest) 2019 Index 2018 Index Africa 25 40 29 22 29 30 East, South & Southeast Asia 53 59 57 59 57 57 Latin America & Caribbean 59 53 53 28 48 46 Western Asia 75 58 49 52 59 57 Transition economies 67 58 62 65 63 65 Developed economies 86 93 87 82 87 86 World 57 60 55 49 55 55 7 Table 5. UNCTAD B2C -commerce index, 2019, World 2019 Rank Economy Share individuals Internet (2018 latest) Share individuals account (15+, 2017) Secure Internet servers (normalized, 2018) UPU postal reliability score (2018 latest) 2019 Index Index change (2017- 18 data) 2018 Index rank 1 Netherlands 95 100 98 93 96.4 0.3 1 2 Switzerland 94 98 95 95 95.5 0.0 3 3 Singapore 88 98 97 97 95.1 -0.2 2 4 Finland 94 100 90 94 94.4 0.7 13 5 United Kingdom 95 96 88 98 94.4 -0.8 4 6 Denmark 98 100 100 79 94.2 2.1 10 7 Norway 97 100 86 91 93.4 -1.1 5 8 Ireland 82 95 95 100 93.3 -0.1 7 9 Germany 92 99 94 86 92.9 0.9 12 10 Australia 87 100 89 91 91.8 -0.7 11 11 Canada 91 100 89 87 91.8 0.3 15 12 Zealand 91 99 84 92 91.7 -2.7 9 13 United States America 87 93 95 90 91.3 0.0 14 14 Estonia 89 98 93 83 90.7 1.0 20 15 China, Hong Kong SAR 89 95 85 92 90.5 -1.1 16 16 France 88 94 86 94 90.4 -0.9 23 17 Austria 87 98 84 89 89.7 -0.9 21 18 Sweden 92 100 85 82 89.6 -4.3 8 19 Korea, Republic 96 95 67 99 89.4 -2.4 22 20 Belgium 89 99 83 81 87.9 1.8 28 21 Japan 85 98 81 86 87.6 -0.8 24 22 Israel 85 93 80 88 86.3 -0.7 27 23 Cyprus 84 89 76 93 85.5 -0.5 26 24 Slovakia 80 84 82 95 85.3 -1.4 25 25 Czechia 87 81 91 82 85.3 0.8 31 26 Iceland 99 99 95 47 84.9 -8.8 6 27 Croatia 75 86 85 91 84.3 1.7 32 28 United Arab Emirates 98 88 65 84 83.8 -0.1 33 29 Luxembourg 97 99 92 48 83.7 -5.8 19 30 Lithuania 80 83 85 87 83.5 -1.5 29 31 Poland 78 87 84 83 82.8 2.3 35 32 Slovenia 80 98 90 64 82.7 -7.7 18 33 Spain 86 94 81 69 82.4 3.9 38 34 Malaysia 81 85 75 86 81.9 -0.8 34 35 Latvia 84 93 83 67 81.6 -9.2 17 36 Italy 74 94 82 77 81.6 4.5 44 37 Belarus 79 81 71 86 79.3 -0.1 37 38 Hungary 76 75 85 79 78.9 0.9 39 39 Bulgaria 65 72 91 85 78.3 0.5 36 40 Russian Federation 81 76 75 80 77.9 1.5 42 41 Greece 72 85 74 78 77.6 -0.6 40 42 Iran (Islamic Republic ) 70 94 56 88 76.9 1.1 49 43 Portugal 75 92 84 57 76.8 8.9 56 44 Malta 81 97 83 44 76.4 -7.5 30 45 Serbia 73 71 77 83 76.2 -0.2 41 46 Romania 71 58 84 86 74.5 0.4 45 47 Qatar 100 66 54 77 74.2 6.4 59 48 Thailand 57 82 61 94 73.5 -3.0 43 49 Saudi Arabia 93 72 47 81 73.3 -0.2 52 8 2019 Rank Economy Share individuals Internet (2018 latest) Share individuals account (15+, 2017) Secure Internet servers (normalized, 2018) UPU postal reliability score (2018 latest) 2019 Index Index change (2017- 18 data) 2018 Index rank 50 Georgia 64 61 68 99 73.1 -1.5 46 51 North Macedonia 79 77 55 81 73.0 -2.2 48 52 Ukraine 59 63 76 92 72.5 -1.1 51 53 Turkey 71 69 73 74 71.8 -1.4 47 54 Republic Moldova 76 44 70 97 71.7 -1.3 54 55 Kuwait 100 80 54 43 69.3 0.0 65 56 China 54 80 55 85 68.8 3.0 62 57 Kazakhstan 79 59 64 72 68.5 -2.3 53 58 Mauritius 59 90 78 47 68.4 -2.2 55 59 Oman 80 74 47 72 68.2 4.4 72 60 Chile 84 74 78 32 67.0 -5.3 50 61 Costa Rica 74 68 63 51 64.1 3.6 71 62 Azerbaijan 80 29 53 86 61.8 -1.5 68 63 Bosnia Herzegovina 70 59 67 50 61.5 -6.9 57 64 Viet Nam 70 31 66 77 61.1 0.8 69 65 Bahrain 99 83 54 7 60.6 -5.2 61 66 Colombia 62 46 58 76 60.5 1.2 73 67 Dominican Republic 75 56 45 66 60.4 9.5 91 68 Lebanon 78 45 48 67 59.4 -5.0 63 69 Jamaica 55 78 47 52 58.2 -8.7 67 70 Tunisia 64 37 52 79 58.1 0.1 79 71 Trinidad Tobago 77 81 51 22 57.9 -5.0 70 72 Mongolia 24 93 66 47 57.4 -11.7 58 73 India 34 80 48 65 57.0 -1.3 80 74 Brazil 68 70 67 23 56.9 -9.6 60 75 Albania 72 40 56 49 54.4 -11.6 64 76 South Africa 56 69 81 11 54.4 0.8 77 77 Montenegro 72 68 55 22 54.2 -3.5 76 78 Armenia 65 48 53 49 53.7 -10.4 66 79 Nigeria 42 40 48 83 53.2 -5.5 75 80 Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. ) 72 73 51 13 52.3 -1.5 82 81 Uruguay 68 64 65 8 51.4 -4.9 78 82 Paraguay 65 49 50 38 50.5 4.7 97 83 Panama 58 46 68 29 50.4 0.3 87 84 Indonesia 40 49 64 48 50.1 1.6 90 85 Argentina 74 49 67 11 50.0 -0.5 84 86 Sri Lanka 34 74 54 36 49.6 -2.2 93 87 Jordan 67 42 43 44 49.2 -7.9 74 88 Kenya 18 82 49 47 49.0 2.9 89 89 Philippines 60 35 43 57 48.6 -2.1 92 90 Peru 53 43 51 45 47.8 -1.1 94 91 Mexico 68 37 50 36 47.5 -1.2 95 92 Belize 47 48 81 13 47.3 -4.3 83 93 Uzbekistan 52 37 51 41 45.4 -8.4 86 94 Namibia 51 81 46 3 45.3 -3.7 103 95 Morocco 65 29 52 28 43.4 -11.4 81 96 United Republic Tanzania 25 47 33 69 43.3 1.1 110 97 Ghana 39 58 31 43 42.8 -10.6 85 9 2019 Rank Economy Share individuals Internet (2018 latest) Share individuals account (15+, 2017) Secure Internet servers (normalized, 2018) UPU postal reliability score (2018 latest) 2019 Index Index change (2017- 18 data) 2018 Index rank 98 Senegal 46 42 29 53 42.7 -0.4 108 99 Honduras 32 45 41 52 42.4 -0.9 106 100 Botswana 47 51 45 21 41.0 -5.3 100 101 Ecuador 57 51 51 0 39.9 -4.2 102 102 Egypt 47 33 35 43 39.4 -0.3 113 103 Bangladesh 15 50 44 47 39.0 -11.4 88 104 Bolivia (Plurinational State ) 44 54 45 12 38.9 -4.7 105 105 Uganda 24 59 30 42 38.8 -10.1 99 106 Gabon 62 59 33 0 38.3 -6.0 104 107 Algeria 60 43 40 10 38.2 -4.2 111 108 Guatemala 65 44 41 0 37.5 -5.2 119 109 Libya 22 66 62 0 37.4 -3.5 107 110 El Salvador 34 30 42 42 37.2 -11.1 96 111 Kyrgyzstan 38 40 47 20 36.4 -2.0 114 112 Nepal 34 45 48 14 35.4 -6.0 115 113 Lao People' Dem. Rep. 26 29 30 56 35.1 -13.1 98 114 Pakistan 16 21 44 54 33.7 -2.9 117 115 Zimbabwe 27 55 37 13 33.1 -8.3 109 116 Bhutan 48 34 48 2 32.8 -8.7 112 117 Cameroon 23 35 20 50 32.0 -14.6 101 118 ōte 'Ivoire 47 41 26 11 31.3 -2.5 123 119 Eswatini 47 29 38 11 31.3 -8.0 121 120 Ethiopia 19 35 9 61 31.1 4.4 140 121 Rwanda 22 50 35 17 30.9 -8.1 116 122 Cambodia 40 22 41 20 30.8 -4.3 118 123 Angola 14 29 26 52 30.4 0.1 131 124 Djibouti 56 12 35 11 28.6 -7.2 138 125 Lesotho 29 46 36 2 28.0 -5.5 125 126 Myanmar 31 26 24 26 26.8 -8.2 124 127 Zambia 14 46 36 9 26.4 -6.8 126 128 Togo 12 45 23 24 26.2 -10.2 120 129 Tajikistan 22 47 33 1 25.7 25.7 130 Sudan 31 15 18 38 25.6 -11.2 122 131 Iraq 49 23 26 3 25.3 -5.5 129 132 Nicaragua 28 31 40 2 25.2 -6.2 127 133 Madagascar 10 18 20 40 22.0 -10.3 128 134 Syrian Arab Republic 34 23 30 0 21.9 -6.5 134 135 Mozambique 10 42 26 9 21.7 -3.6 136 136 Mali 13 35 25 12 21.5 -9.2 130 137 Haiti 32 33 20 0 21.2 -1.8 141 138 Benin 20 38 22 3 21.0 -7.9 137 139 Sierra Leone 9 20 11 40 20.1 -2.5 142 140 Malawi 14 34 28 3 19.7 -9.4 133 141 Yemen, Arab Republic 27 6 17 27 19.2 -7.0 146 142 Burkina Faso 16 43 14 2 18.8 -11.9 132 143 Afghanistan 14 15 38 6 18.2 -8.7 135 144 Liberia 8 36 13 10 16.7 -6.4 143 145 Mauritania 21 21 20 4 16.5 -10.7 139 146 Guinea 18 23 16 0 14.3 -6.7 149 10 2019 Rank Economy Share individuals Internet (2018 latest) Share individuals account (15+, 2017) Secure Internet servers (normalized, 2018) UPU postal reliability score (2018 latest) 2019 Index Index change (2017- 18 data) 2018 Index rank 147 Congo 9 26 21 0 14.0 -7.2 144 148 Dem. Rep. Congo 9 26 15 6 13.8 -5.7 148 149 Comoros 8 22 22 0 13.1 -6.2 145 150 Burundi 3 7 21 6 9.0 -8.9 147 151 Chad 7 22 0 6 8.5 -7.4 150 152 Niger 5 16 1 0 5.4 -9.6 151 Source: UNCTAD. 11 Table 6: Internet shoppers share Internet users population, latest year Economy share Internet users (%) share population (%) Latest data Note Afghanistan 3 0.4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Albania 9 7 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Algeria 5 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Argentina 20 15 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Armenia 13 9 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Australia 73 63 2017 Purchasing goods services, 15+, 3 months, ABS. Austria 69 60 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Azerbaijan 2 1 2018 Ordering selling goods services, NSO. Bahrain 22 21 2017 Purchasing ordering goods services, TRA. Bangladesh 8 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Belarus 38 30 2018 Ordering purchasing goods services, BelSTAT. Belgium 67 60 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Benin 13 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Bolivia (Plurinational State ) 7 5 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Bosnia Herzegovina 25 18 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Botswana 8 4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Brazil 34 24 2018 Purchased goods services internet year, 10+, CGI.br. Bulgaria 31 20 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Burkina Faso 10 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Cambodia 8 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Cameroon 11 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Canada 75 68 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Central African Republic 15 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Chad 11 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Chile 34 28 2017 Internet purchase personal goods services, 16+ 3 months, SUBTEL. China 69 39 2017 Online shopping, source: CNNIC. China, Hong Kong SAR 48 42 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. China, Taiwan Province 53 43 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Colombia 12 8 2018 Purchase/order products services, age 5+, DANE. Congo 13 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Costa Rica 24 18 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. ōte 'Ivoire 7 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. 12 Economy share Internet users (%) share population (%) Latest data Note Croatia 47 35 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Cyprus 38 32 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Czechia 67 58 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Dem. Rep. Congo 12 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Denmark 86 84 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Dominican Republic 11 7 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Ecuador 10 6 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Egypt 3 1 2017 Purchasing goods services, MCIT. El Salvador 9 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Estonia 68 61 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Ethiopia 0.3 0.03 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Finland 74 70 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. France 75 66 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Gabon 10 6 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Georgia 8 4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Germany 82 75 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Ghana 11 4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Greece 45 32 2017 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Guatemala 8 5 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Guinea 14 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Haiti 9 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Honduras 5 1 2017 Buy products services, 3 months, INE. Hungary 52 40 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Iceland 76 75 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. India 11 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Indonesia 33 10 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Iran (Islamic Republic ) 42 26 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Iraq 14 9 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Ireland 70 57 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Israel 53 44 2018 Shopping, Age 20+, CBS. Italy 47 35 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Japan 49 42 2017 Buying / exchanging goods services, MIC. Jordan 9 7 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Kazakhstan 19 15 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Kenya 24 9 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Korea, Republic 60 54 2017 Internet Shopping users, Age 12+, KISA/ISIS Kosovo ( United Nations 25 22 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. 13 Economy share Internet users (%) share population (%) Latest data Note Security Council Resolution 1244/99) Kuwait 21 20 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Kyrgyzstan 8 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Lao People' Dem. Rep. 20 6 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Latvia 53 45 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Lebanon 17 14 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Lesotho 7 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Liberia 3 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Libya 23 15 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Lithuania 54 43 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Luxembourg 74 72 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Madagascar 10 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Malawi 15 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Malaysia 23 19 2017 Purchasing ordering goods services, source: DOS. 2014: Mid-point estimate 2013, 2015 data. 2016: "Online shopping", source: MCMC. Mali 13 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Malta 66 53 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Mauritania 7 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Mauritius 25 14 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Mexico 16 10 2017 Purchases Internet, year, INEGI. Mongolia 9 7 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Montenegro 16 12 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Morocco 22 14 2018 Buying ordering good services, Age 5+, year, ANRT. Mozambique 14 4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Myanmar 9 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Namibia 24 12 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Nepal 5 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Netherlands 84 80 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Zealand 79 70 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Nicaragua 8 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Niger 13 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Nigeria 10 4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. North Macedonia 31 24 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. 14 Economy share Internet users (%) share population (%) Latest data Note Norway 81 79 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Pakistan 5 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Palestine, State 8 5 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Panama 12 6 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Paraguay 11 7 2018 Purchase / sell products services, Age 10+, DGEEC. Peru 7 3 2017 Buy products &/ services, age 6+, INEI. Philippines 16 9 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Poland 60 47 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Portugal 49 37 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Republic Moldova 30 18 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Romania 26 18 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Russian Federation 34 26 2017 Buying goods long-term services, 18+, Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VCIOM). Rwanda 11 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Saudi Arabia 27 25 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Senegal 6 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Serbia 46 34 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Sierra Leone 16 1 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Singapore 72 63 2018 Purchasing ordering goods services; aged 15 , IMDA. Slovakia 71 57 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Slovenia 63 50 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. South Africa 13 8 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Spain 62 53 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Sri Lanka 13 3 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Sweden 84 77 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Switzerland 67 63 2017 Purchase order , OFS. Tajikistan 27 8 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Thailand 9 5 2017 Online purchase goods & services, NSO. Togo 8 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Trinidad Tobago 24 16 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Tunisia 11 5 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Turkey 35 25 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. Uganda 23 4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Ukraine 34 21 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. United Arab Emirates 52 50 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. United Kingdom 87 83 2018 Internet purchase, year, EUROSTAT. 15 Economy share Internet users (%) share population (%) Latest data Note United Republic Tanzania 22 5 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. United States America 79 70 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Uruguay 30 24 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Uzbekistan 5 2 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. ) 18 13 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Viet Nam 31 19 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Zambia 21 5 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Zimbabwe 12 4 2017 internet buy online year (% age 15+), FINDEX. Source: UNCTAD. UN CTA UNITED NATIONS UNCTAD Technical Notes ICT Development 1.Implications Applying Definition «ICT Goods», 2011 2.Updating Partnership Definition ICT Goods HS 2007 HS 2012, January 2014 3.International Trade ICT Services ICT-enabled Services: Proposed Indicators Partnership Measuring ICT Development, October 2015 4.Global Assessment Sex-disaggregated ICT Employment Statistics: Data Availability Challenges Measurement Compilation, December 2015 5.Trade ICT Goods 2015 Expansion WTO Information Technology Agreement, December 2015 6. Search Cross-border -commerce Trade Data, April 2016 7.UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index 2016, April 2016 8. «» Digital Economy Development, October 2017 9.UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index 2017, October 2017 10. Updating Partnership Definition ICT Goods HS 2012 HS 2017, February 2018 11. Implementing Survey Exports ICT-enabled Services, June 2018 12. UNCTAD B2C -commerce Index 2018: Focus Africa, December 2018 13. Donor Support Digital Economy Developing Countries, March 2019 information UNCTAD› work ICT Development contact: ICT Policy Section Division Technology Logistics www.unctad.org/ict4d ict4d@unctad.org